Handling in Air Freight

Handling of goods is a crucial step in air transport. Proper procedures ensure the integrity of the goods and optimize the use of cargo space while adhering to strict aviation safety standards.

Palletization

Palletization is the process of grouping goods on special pallets for air transport. These pallets are designed to fit perfectly into the cargo holds of aircraft.

Key points of palletization:

  • Use of standardized air pallets (ULD - Unit Load Device)
  • Balanced weight distribution to maintain stability
  • Secure fastening of goods with nets and straps
  • Optimization of space to maximize cargo capacity
  • Separation of incompatible goods (e.g., chemicals)

Proper palletization helps reduce the risk of damage during transport and facilitates loading and unloading operations.

Containerization

Containerization uses specific air containers (ULD) to protect goods during transport. Unlike open pallets, these containers provide additional protection against weather and handling.

Types of air containers:

  • Standard containers: For general cargo
  • Refrigerated containers: For perishable goods
  • Live animal containers: With adapted ventilation
  • Hanging garment containers: With hanging bars
  • Dangerous goods containers: With specific protections

The choice of container type depends on the nature of the goods and specific transport requirements.

Re-weighing

Re-weighing is a procedure to verify the weight of goods at different stages of transport. It is essential to ensure flight safety and compliance with weight limitations.

Key moments for re-weighing:

  • Upon receipt of goods by the forwarder
  • Upon arrival at the departure airport
  • After palletization or containerization
  • Before loading onto the aircraft

Any significant difference between the declared weight and the actual weight can result in rate adjustments, delays, or even refusal of transport.

Security in Air Freight

Security is a top priority in air transport. Since the 9/11 attacks, security measures have been significantly strengthened to prevent any malicious acts.

Security Controls

Security controls aim to detect any object or substance that could pose a threat to flight safety.

Main control methods:

  • X-ray inspection: Allows visualization of package contents without opening them
  • Explosive detection (ETD): Analysis of traces of explosive substances
  • Physical inspection: Manual opening and checking of packages
  • Canine detection (K9): Use of specially trained dogs to detect prohibited substances
  • Advanced systems like Rascargo: Technologies combining multiple detection methods

The level of control applied depends on several factors, including the origin of the goods, their nature, and the flight destination.

Known Shipper Status

Known Shipper status is granted to companies that implement approved security procedures in their facilities. This status simplifies security controls at the airport.

Benefits and requirements:

  • Reduced processing times at the airport
  • Lower risk of damage from physical inspections
  • Requires implementation of strict security procedures
  • Involves regular audits by authorities
  • Requires specific training for staff

Obtaining Known Shipper status represents an initial investment but can generate significant long-term savings for regular shippers.

Securing Goods

Securing goods aims to prevent any alteration or contamination during transport. It involves several physical and procedural measures.

Securing methods:

  • Security seals: Tamper-evident devices to detect unauthorized opening
  • Secure packaging: Materials and techniques resistant to tampering attempts
  • Documented chain of possession: Recording of each transfer of responsibility
  • Secure areas: Storage in controlled-access zones
  • Video surveillance: Continuous monitoring of goods during storage

These measures are particularly important for high-value or sensitive goods.

Regulations and Oversight Bodies

Several international and national bodies establish and oversee safety standards in air freight:

1. International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO)

  • Establishes basic international standards for aviation security
  • Publishes Annex 17 to the Chicago Convention, specific to security
  • Develops the Aviation Security (AVSEC) program

2. International Air Transport Association (IATA)

  • Publishes the Dangerous Goods Regulations (DGR) for the transport of dangerous goods
  • Offers the CEIV certification program for pharmaceuticals and other sensitive goods
  • Develops standards for freight security

3. Transportation Security Administration (TSA)

  • US agency responsible for transportation security
  • Imposes specific requirements for freight destined for the United States
  • Manages the Certified Cargo Screening Program (CCSP)

4. National civil aviation authorities

  • Implement international standards at the national level
  • May impose additional requirements
  • Conduct regular inspections and audits

Practical Tip

To optimize the handling and security of your air shipments, it is recommended to:

  • Work with certified and experienced forwarders
  • Invest in quality packaging suitable for air transport
  • Train your staff on the specific requirements of air freight
  • Consider obtaining Known Shipper status if you ship regularly
  • Stay informed about regulatory changes that may affect your shipments